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ACCU-SORT AV6010电源模块
过励磁保护OEXPVPH当电力变压器或发电机的叠片铁芯受到的磁通密度超过其设计极限时，杂散磁通将流入非叠片元件，而非设计用于携带磁通并导致涡流流动。涡流会在相对较短的时间内导致过热，严重损坏绝缘和相邻部件。该功能具有可设置的反向操作曲线和独立的报警阶段。电压差动保护VDCPTOV A电压差动监测功能可用。它比较两组三相电压互感器的电压，并具有一个灵敏报警步骤和一个跳闸步骤。基于三次谐波STEFPHIZ的95%和100%定子接地故障保护定子接地是一种故障率较高的故障类型。发电机系统通常具有高阻抗接地，即通过中性点电阻器接地。该电阻器的尺寸通常可在发电机高压端子直接发生固体接地故障时，提供3–15 A范围内的接地故障电流。与两相导体之间的短路情况相比，相对较小的接地故障电流对发电机产生的热应力和机械应力要小得多。无论如何，必须检测发电机中的接地故障，并且必须跳闸发电机，即使与内部短路相比，允许更长的故障时间。在发电机组的正常非故障运行中，中性点电压接近零，发电机中没有零序电流。当发生相间接地故障时，中性点电压将升高，并有电流流过中性点电阻器。
频率保护
为了检测发电机组绕组上的接地故障，可以使用中性点过电压保护、中性点过电流保护、零序过电压保护或剩余差动保护。这些保护措施很简单，多年来效果很好。然而，这些简单的方案最多只能保护95%的定子绕组。它们在靠近中性端的地方留下5%的未受保护。在不利条件下，盲区可从中性点延伸至20%。95%定子接地故障保护测量发电机星点中的基频电压分量，超过预设值时运行。通过应用这一原理，大约95%的定子绕组可以得到保护。为了保护靠近中性端的最后5%定子绕组，可以进行三次谐波电压测量。在100%定子E/F三次谐波保护中，可以应用三次谐波电压差动原理、中性点三次谐波欠压原理或终端侧三次谐波过电压原理。然而，强烈建议使用微分原理。这两种测量原理的结合为整个定子绕组的接地故障提供了覆盖范围。欠频保护SAPTUF由于网络发电不足而发生欠频。欠频保护SAPTUF用于甩负荷系统、补救措施方案、燃气轮机启动等。该操作基于正序电压测量，需要连接两相或三相中性点电压。有关如何连接模拟输入的信息，请参阅应用手册/IED应用/模拟输入/设置指南
Overexcitation protection OEXPVPH
When the laminated core of a power transformer or generator is subjected to a magnetic flux density beyond its design limits, stray flux will flow into non-laminated components not designed to carry flux and cause eddy currents to flow. The eddy currents can cause excessive heating and severe damage to insulation and adjacent parts in a relatively short time. The function has settable inverse operating curves and independent alarm stages.Voltage differential protection VDCPTOV A voltage differential monitoring function is available. It compares the voltages from two three phase sets of voltage transformers and has one sensitive alarm step and one trip step. 95% and 100% Stator earth fault protection based on 3rd harmonic STEFPHIZ Stator earth fault is a fault type having relatively high fault rate. The generator systems normally have high impedance earthing, that is, earthing via a neutral point resistor. This resistor is normally dimensioned to give an earth fault current in the range 3 – 15 A at a solid earth-fault directly at the generator high voltage terminal. The relatively small earth fault currents give much less thermal and mechanical stress on the generator, compared to the short circuit case, which is between conductors of two phases. Anyhow, the earth faults in the generator have to be detected and the generator has to be tripped, even if longer fault time compared to internal short circuits, can be allowed.In normal non-faulted operation of the generating unit the neutral point voltage is close to zero, and there is no zero sequence current flow in the generator. When a phase-toearth fault occurs the neutral point voltage will increase and there will be a current flow through the neutral point resistor.
Frequency protection
To detect an earth fault on the windings of a generating unit one may use a neutral point overvoltage protection, a neutral point overcurrent protection, a zero sequence overvoltage protection or a residual differential protection. These protections are simple and have served well during many years. However, at best these simple schemes protect only 95% of the stator winding. They leave 5% close to the neutral end unprotected. Under unfavorable conditions the blind zone may extend up to 20% from the neutral. The 95% stator earth fault protection measures the fundamental frequency voltage component in the generator star point and it operates when it exceeds the preset value. By applying this principle approximately 95% of the stator winding can be protected. In order to protect the last 5% of the stator winding close to the neutral end the 3rd harmonic voltage measurement can be performed. In 100% Stator E/F 3rd harmonic protection either the 3rd harmonic voltage differential principle, the neutral point 3rd harmonic undervoltage principle or the terminal side 3rd harmonic overvoltage principle can be applied. However, differential principle is strongly recommended. Combination of these two measuring principles provides coverage for entire stator winding against earth faults.Underfrequency protection SAPTUF Underfrequency occurs as a result of a lack of generation in the network. Underfrequency protection SAPTUF is used for load shedding systems, remedial action schemes, gas turbine startup and so on. SAPTUF is also provided with undervoltage blocking. The operation is based on positive sequence voltage measurement and requires two phase-phase or three phaseneutral voltages to be connected. For information about how to connect analog inputs, refer to Application manual/IED application/Analog inputs/Setting guidelines
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