KJ3204X1-BA1模拟量卡件,12P3275X032使用产品
X电容通常被称为 “线对线” 或 “跨线” 电容，用来减少由交流电源的差模噪声引起的EMI/RFI。X电容跨接在火线和零线之间以过滤传导干扰、电压浪涌和电压瞬变引起的负面影响。X电容提供干净的交流信号给电路因此会受到所有交流线路变化的影响，如果超出电容的电压或功率阈值可能会造成危险。X电容由于特殊的设计，其失效模式为短路，过应力下产生短路触发断路器或保险丝断开。如果没有安装过电流保护装置或未做出反应，X电容将潜藏引起火灾的巨大风险。何谓Y电容
KJ3204X1-BA1模拟量卡件,12P3275X032使用产品Y电容通常称为 “线对地” 或 “旁路” 电容，跨接在火线与地线之间以处理由共模噪声引起的EMI/RF。Y电容还可能因传导干扰、过电压浪涌和电压瞬变而受到交流线路变化的影响，如果超出电容阈值会导致电容故障并造成危险。Y电容的特殊设计与X电容不同，其失效模式为开路，导致电路会受到未滤波交流电源的影响。Y电容引起火灾的风险较低。安规电容分类
与许多安全关键器件一样，安规电容的容量和阈值是以各种标准和相应的分类来标示。定义安规电容的标准有很多，例如IEC 60384-14、UL 1414、UL 1283、CAN/CSA C22.2 No.1和CAN/CSA 384-14。最常见的标准IEC 60384-14定义了X和Y电容安全等级的峰值脉冲电压。
根据IEC 60384-14，X电容的分类如下：
-分类X3 – 值脉冲电压小于或等于 1.2kV
-分类X2 – 峰值脉冲电压小于或等于2.5kV
-分类X1 – 峰值脉冲电压在2.5kV至小于或等于4.0kV之间
根据IEC 60384-14，Y电容的分类如下：
-分类Y4 – 额定电压小于 150VAC
-分类Y3 – 额定电压小于或等于150VAC至250VAC
-分类Y2 – 额定电压小于或等于150VAC至300VAC
-分类Y1 – 额定电压小于或等于500VAC
X和Y电容的类型
X和Y安规电容过滤交流信号并降低EMI，因此它们直接连接危险的交流电源电压，所以必须认证为 “安规电容” 以确保在此条件下安全工作。安全滤波电路中使用的安规电容有各种类型。
and so on. It means that the interface is carefully designed to a certain extent, that is, reliable and safe work. There are also many standards applicable to some aspects of functional safety. With the cross interference of input and output signals caused by rapid dv/dt or di/dt conversion, the grounding loop changes the grounding level due to the distribution parameters of the system
The initial consideration of excitation end damage (such as power output stage) caused by system or software failure is to focus on the logic level of the i/o port of the microcontroller, and then to clarify the current and voltage required for output. For example, driving high current resistive loads, such as heaters or actuators, requires a logic level conversion and power triode or FET power pre driver. The example shown in Figure 1 is to convert the logic level of the microcontroller powered by +1.8v and control a high current +24v FET through the pre driver. From the logic level of the microcontroller, the switching load current supported by this FET is greater than 10 amps. Another option shown in Figure 1 is to connect a high side switch, such as IC DP, which supports a load current of up to 200 Ma at 36V power supply.
Because the i/o port of the microcontroller has been connected to the input when powered on, special precautions should be taken here.
